Bill Gates recently identified professional athletes as a fourth job category that will survive AI automation, joining programmers, biologists, and energy workers he previously cited. Speaking on The Tonight Show, Gates noted people would not want to watch computers play baseball, though he acknowledged AI will eventually automate most other roles including manufacturing, logistics, and agriculture.
Microsoft's 2025 research report identified 40 job categories most susceptible to AI overlap, with interpreters and translators at 98 percent overlap, followed by historians, mathematicians, and proofreaders at 91 percent. Gates clarified the research examines which professions can effectively use AI chatbots rather than outright replacement.